- El Centro Mexicano de Derecho Ambiental, A.C. (CEMDA) presentó el 16 de noviembre, una denuncia ante la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Medio Ambiente (ASEA), en contra de Pemex, de la empresa SCCA y/o quienes resulten responsables, por los daños ambientales ocasionados al remover vegetación sin contar con las autorizaciones legales correspondientes.
- Se pide a la ASEA realizar las visitas de inspección necesarias para imponer las sanciones correspondientes y, en caso de delito ambiental, dar vista al Ministerio Público Federal.
El Centro Mexicano de Derecho Ambiental, A.C. (CEMDA) presentó el pasado viernes 16 de noviembre, una denuncia popular ante la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Medio Ambiente (ASEA), en contra de quien resulte responsable tanto en Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), como en la compañía SCCA y/o en contra de quienes resulten responsables por haber realizado desmonte de vegetación en el municipio Paraíso, estado de Tabasco, sin contar con la autorización de cambio de uso de suelo forestal, ni con la autorización de impacto ambiental correspondientes, para el proyecto de construcción de la refinería Dos Bocas.
En la denuncia se solicita que, derivado de las ilegalidades e irregularidades que se encuentren, se impongan las medidas de seguridad y las sanciones administrativas correspondientes. Asimismo, se demanda que, en caso de constatar la comisión de un delito, se dé vista al Ministerio Público Federal en contra de quienes resulten responsables, “por los hechos, actos y omisiones que han producido y siguen produciendo desequilibrio ecológico, daños al ambiente y a los recursos naturales, además de contravenir las disposiciones legales y ordenamientos que regulan la protección al ambiente, la preservación y restauración del equilibrio ecológico”[1].
La refinería Dos Bocas pretende construirse en el municipio de Paraíso, al norte del estado de Tabasco, colindando con el Golfo de México. La vegetación en esa región es de selva media perennifolia, de 15 a 30 metros de altura, además de existir manglares en las zonas bajas e inundables. Resulta por lo menos sospechoso que las autoridades estatales y municipales no hayan hecho nada con respecto al desmonte ya realizado, por lo que deben de ser investigadas y deslindarse en su caso su responsabilidad por omisión.
Gustavo Alanís Ortega, director general del CEMDA, señaló que “lo que está en juego en este caso es la legalidad y el Estado de derecho al no cumplir esta obra con aspectos tan esenciales como haber pasado el proyecto por el procedimiento de impacto ambiental contemplado por la ley[2], y sin contar con la autorización de cambio de uso de suelo forestal y sin saber aún si cumple con el uso del suelo municipal.
Al respecto, Alanís Ortega cuestionó qué caso tiene someter a consulta el proyecto de la refinería los próximos días 24 y 25 de noviembre cuando el sitio ya fue elegido, el terreno desmontado y se le está asignando presupuesto de la Federación para el 2019. “Esto hace de la “consulta” una farsa y una burla”, explicó.
Recordó también que la próxima titular de SEMARNAT, la Lic. Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena, dijo en una reunión en el Senado de la República el pasado miércoles 14 de noviembre, que durante su gestión en la Semarnat no habría “nada ni nadie por encima de la Ley”. Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, esperamos que en el caso que nos ocupa se hagan cumplir las disposiciones legales aplicables, apuntó Gustavo Alanís.
La SEMARNAT, a través de ASEA deberá, por tanto, realizar visitas de inspección para constatar lo denunciado y, de ser el caso, imponer la clausura y multa respectivas por afectación a la vegetación así como ordenar la restauración del sitio.
Finalmente, es importante añadir que, adicionalmente a los impactos ambientales descritos por el desmonte de vegetación, desde una perspectiva ambiental, apostar por las refinerías actualmente significa seguir dependiendo de los combustibles fósiles, lo cual implica continuar emitiendo dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera y, en consecuencia, seguir contribuyendo al calentamiento del planeta. A lo que el país debe apuntar, es hacia una transición más rápida y eficiente hacia las energías renovables, buscando cumplir con los compromisos internacionales suscritos por México de reducir emisiones en un 30% al 2020 y en 50% al 2050.
[1] El artículo 418 del Código Penal Federal establece de 6 meses a 9 años de prisión y de 100 a 3 mil días multa a quién ilícitamente desmonte o destruya vegetación natural o haga un cambio del uso del suelo foresta igualmente de manera ilícita. Por su parte, el artículo 420 del mismo Código establece de 2 a 10 años de prisión y de trescientos a 3 mil días multa al que, ilícitamente, dañe manglares. Finalmente, el artículo 421 del multicitado Código establece en casos como este la obligación de reparar y compensar el daño al ambiente.
[2] Artículo 28 de la Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente (LGEEPA).
Source: internacional
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